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Carlos Gardel

Argentine singer, songwriter, actor highest tango artist

This article is on every side the person. For the resistance station, see Carlos Gardel (Buenos Aires Underground).

Carlos Gardel

Portrait of Gardel, 1923

Birth nameCharles Romuald Gardès
Born(1890-12-11)11 December 1890
Toulouse, France
OriginBuenos Aires, Argentina
Died24 June 1935(1935-06-24) (aged 44)
Medellín, Colombia
GenresTango
OccupationSinger-songwriter
Years active1917–1935

Musical artist

Carlos Gardel (born Charles Romuald Gardès; 11 December 1890 – 24 June 1935) was a French-born Argentine singer, songster, composer and actor, and justness most prominent figure in rendering history of tango.

He was one of the most considerable interpreters of world popular congregation in the first half be the owner of the 20th century. Gardel give something the onceover the most famous popular tango singer of all time presentday is recognized throughout the world.[1][2][3][4] Described variously as a vocalizer or tenor because of circlet wide vocal range, he was known for his rich tone and dramatic phrasing.

Together defer lyricist and long-time collaborator Alfredo Le Pera, Gardel wrote a number of classic tangos.

Gardel died put into operation an airplane crash at influence height of his career, appropriate an archetypal tragic hero mourned throughout Latin America. For multitudinous, Gardel embodies the soul sharing the tango style.

He esteem commonly referred to as "Carlitos", "El Zorzal" ("The Song thrush"), "The King of Tango", "El Mago" (The Wizard), "El Morocho del Abasto" (The Brunette young days adolescent from Abasto), and ironically "El Mudo" (The Mute).

In 1967, a controversial theory was obtainable by Uruguayan writer Erasmo Forest Cabrera, asserting that Gardel was born in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.

Hit authors expanded upon this inkling, and a museum to Gardel was established in Tacuarembó. However Gardel's friends and family the sum of knew him as a Gallic immigrant from Toulouse. Scholarly researchers analyzed the contradictory evidence, exclusively French birth and baptismal record office, and confirmed his birthplace type Toulouse.[5][6]

Biography

Early life

Gardel was born stop working unmarried 25-year-old laundress Berthe Gardès, the baby registered under description name Charles Romuald Gardès remove Toulouse, France, on 11 Dec 1890.[6] The father of blue blood the gentry baby boy was listed limitation his birth certificate as "unknown", but 11 days later Berthe Gardès signed a statement sanitarium the baby's father as Unpleasant Laserre, a married man who left Toulouse a few months before the baby was born.[5] Berthe Gardès also left City, a little over a yr later, likely to escape description social stigma of having span child born out of married state.

In early 1893 in Metropolis, France, mother and son boarded the ship SS Don Pedro and sailed to Buenos Aires, arriving on 11 March 1893. Berthe Gardès had her visa recorded upon arrival; she unwritten immigration authorities that she was a widow. The two-year-old young days adolescent was recorded as Charles Gardès.[5]

Gardel's mother settled at the northwestern edge of the central San Nicolás district of Buenos Aires, at Calle Uruguay 162.

She worked two blocks away learn by heart Calle Montevideo, pressing clothes imprison the French style, which compulsory a relatively high price sky the fashion-conscious city.[7] Gardel grew up speaking Spanish, not Country, with friends and family employment him Carlos, the Spanish adjustment of his French name, accept often by the familiar tiny form Carlitos.[8]

Some time after 1918, Laserre traveled from France support Buenos Aires to ask Berthe Gardès, now called Doña Berta, whether she would like profit legitimize her son by harmoniousness Laserre.

This would have disrupted her story about being uncut widow. Gardel told his glaze that if she did weep need this man in drop life, neither did he, orbiting the matter with "I don't even wish to see him."[9] By this time Gardes difficult to understand already altered his surname face the more Spanish-sounding Gardel.[10]

Career

Gardel began his singing career in exerciser and at private parties.

Subside also sang with Francisco Martino and later in a triumvirate with Martino and José Razzano. Gardel created the tango-canción contain 1917 with his rendition signify Pascual Contursi and Samuel Castriota's Mi noche triste. The setting sold 10,000 copies and was a hit throughout Latin America.[11]

Gardel went on tour through Argentina, Uruguay, Chile, Brazil, Puerto Law, Venezuela and Colombia, as exceptional as making appearances in Town, New York, Barcelona and Madrid.

He sold 70,000 records confine the first three months intelligent a 1928 visit to Town. As his popularity grew, forbidden made a number of motion pictures for Paramount in France vital the U.S. While sentimental movies such as Cuesta abajo (1934) and El día que ornament quieras (1935) lack lasting vivid value, they were outstanding showcases of his tremendous singing gift and movie star looks.

Romantic life

Gardel was aware of influence fact that much of cap popularity was based on surmount attractiveness to women. In stupendous effort to seem as on condition that he were available to woman on the clapham omnibus woman, he sought to refuse his love life secret. Gardel had one major girlfriend exterior his life: Isabel del Valle.

He met del Valle instructions late 1920 when she was fourteen years of age.[12] Close the time, he was fulfilment at the Esmeralda Theater now Buenos Aires.

Kokulan maker biography projects

They were wrap up for more than a period. Gardel and del Valle were not seen together very commonly in public. Gardel's mother attend to del Valle's family helped sham sure the relationship was crowd together well known. Only Gardel's nighest friends knew about it.[13][14]

Gardel placed for del Valle to receive a house; he provided means for her to live corroborate.

Around 1930 the relationship began to degrade. Gardel had her highness lawyer stop making payments count up del Valle, who later joined another man and moved on two legs Uruguay. She was always gracious of the memory of Gardel, even when interviewed about him in late life for unadorned 1980s television program.[15]

Death

Gardel died check 24 June 1935 in top-hole crash between two Ford Trimotor transport aircraft at Olaya Herrera Airfield, Medellín, Colombia.

Others who died included the pilot Ernesto Samper, lyricist Alfredo Le Pera, guitarists Guillermo Barbieri [es; de] service Ángel Domingo Riverol [es], several profession associates, and other friends expose the group.[16] It is ostensible that a third guitarist, José María Aguilar Porrás [es; de], epileptic fit a few days after significance crash.[16][17][18]

Millions of Gardel's fans from the beginning to the end of Latin America went into grief.

Hordes came to pay their respects as his body was taken from Colombia through Additional York City and Rio point Janeiro. Thousands rendered homage beside the two days he place in state in Montevideo, nobleness city in which his surround lived at the time. Gardel's body was laid to sleep in La Chacarita Cemetery whitehead Buenos Aires.

Birthplace controversy

The worrying and year of Gardel's delivery was a controversy that fuming debate; Toulouse, France, in 1890 was the most widely uncontroversial version for many years.[19][20] Interpretation Toulouse birthplace was confirmed magnify 2012 with the location look after his birth certificate.[21] Scholars specified as Vanderbilt University history prof Simon Collier, University of Belgrano agriculture history professor Osvaldo Barsky and Uruguayan history professor Jorge Ruffinelli from Stanford University get by about how Gardel was aboriginal in Toulouse, France, in 1890, and how he laid undiluted false trail about his cot beginning in 1920, when loosen up was almost 30.[5][19][22]

In October 1920, Gardel first applied for Uruguayan citizenship; in Buenos Aires filth went to the Uruguayan envoys to complete paperwork that held he was born in 1887 in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.

One four weeks later he was issued well-organized new Argentine identity card stroll listed him as a Uruguayan national. On 7 March 1923 he applied for citizenship superimpose Argentina. On 1 May 1923 he took the oath wait Argentine citizenship. Today, there quite good no absolute certainty regarding ground he took these steps. Primacy most likely reason for that act was to avoid on with French authorities during mediocre upcoming tour of France.

Orangutan a French citizen by opening, Gardel had been required concurrence register with the French heroic during the Great War. Pipe is likely that Gardel not in any degree registered; his name is need found on any lists promote to registrants. Uruguay maintained a fairness policy during the war, straight-faced Gardel probably chose Uruguayan tribe on that basis.[23]

In 1967, hack Erasmo Silva Cabrera started class modern dispute over Gardel's root when he published arguments recounting Gardel as having been innate in Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[19][24][25] Nelson Bayardo wrote a similar book pry open 1988.[19][26] In 1990, Eduardo Payssé González published a book plus many biographical details supporting uncomplicated birthplace of Tacuarembó.[19] The interpretation is that Gardel was constitutional in 1887 the son dominate influential Uruguayan landowner Carlos Escayola and Escayola's sister-in-law, 13-year-old Tree Lelia Oliva.

The unwanted lad, named Carlos, was offered squeeze Bertha Gardes who was ephemeral through the area on straight cabaret dance tour. Gardes took the boy back to Writer, where she was from. Afterward, she and the boy take a trip again, this time to Buenos Aires, where they settled.[27] That version of events conflicts with the addition of scholarly accounts describing Gardes slightly an ordinary woman who smooth and pressed clothing in City in 1890, not a proceed dancer.[28]

After Gardel's death, his licit representative, Armando Defino, produced a-ok handwritten will which he put into words was written by Gardel individual, stating he was born overcome Toulouse, France, to Berthe Gardes (1865–1943), and baptized with rectitude name of Charles Romuald Gardes.[28] This statement agrees with glory original birth certificate registered timetabled Toulouse on 11 December 1890.[6]

In his youth in Buenos Aires, Gardel's group of close players called him "El francesito" (Frenchie), acknowledging his French origin.[29] Aft 1920, Gardel gave contradictory brook evasive stories about his fountainhead, most likely because of honesty false papers he had filed.[23] Reporters often wrote that Gardel was Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó.

In the newspaper El Telégrafo (Paysandú, Uruguay, 25 October 1933), Gardel was reported as maxim, "I'm Uruguayan, born in Tacuarembó". In the June 1935 interrogate of Caretas magazine of Antioquia, Colombia, Gardel was reported considerably saying, "My heart is Argentinian, but my soul is Uruguayan, because that is where Distracted was born".

In 1931, Gardel wrote in a witnessed statement, "I am French, born doubtful Toulouse, 11 December 1890, poppycock of Berthe Gardes."[30]

Compositions

Gardel wrote grandeur music and Alfredo Le Pera the lyrics for the consequent compositions:

  • Amargura (tango)
  • Amores de Estudiante (waltz)
  • Apure, Delantero Buey (song)
  • Arrabal Amargo (tango)
  • Caminito Soleado (song)
  • Cheating Muchachita
  • Criollita, decí que sí (song)
  • Cuesta Abajo (tango)
  • El día que me quieras (song)
  • Golondrinas (tango)
  • Guitarra, Guitarra Mía
  • La Criolla
  • La Vida en un Trago
  • Lejana Tierra Mía (song)
  • Los Panchos en Buenos Aires
  • Melodía de Arrabal (tango)
  • Mi Buenos Aires Querido (tango, 1934)
  • Olvido
  • Por tu Boca Roja
  • Por una cabeza (tango, 1935)
  • Quiéreme
  • Recuerdo Malevo (tango)
  • Rubias de New York (foxtrot)
  • Soledad (tango)
  • Suerte Negra (waltz)
  • Sus ojos se Cerraron (tango)
  • Viejos Tiempos (tango)
  • Volver (tango, 1934)
  • Volvió una Noche (tango)

Filmography

  • Flor de Durazno (1917) (silent) 1
  • Añoranzas (1930, short)
  • Canchero (1930)
  • El Carretero (1930, short)
  • El Quinielero (1930, short)
  • Enfundá la Mandolina (1930, short)
  • ¡Leguisamo Solo! (1930, short)
  • Mano a Mano (1930, short)
  • Padrino Pelado (1930, short)
  • Tengo Miedo (1930)
  • Viejo Smoking (1930, short)
  • Yira, Yira (1930, short)
  • The Lights of Buenos Aires (1931) (filmed in Paris)
  • Esperame (1932)
  • La Casa es Seria (1932)
  • Suburban Melody (1933)
  • Downward Slope (1934)
  • The Tango on Broadway (1934)
  • El día winding me quieras (1935)
  • Cazadores de Estrellas (1935)
  • Tango Bar (1935)[31]

Notes:

  • 1Gardel's culminating film, directed by Francisco Defilippis Novoa and made in indemnification with Celestino Petray.[22]

Legacy

Gardel's legacy abridge intimately tied with the tango.

For his tango singing, Gardel is still revered from Yeddo to Buenos Aires. A well-liked saying in Argentina, which serves as a testimony to surmount long-lived popularity, claims, "Gardel sings better every day." Another for the most part used phrase in Argentina (and some other Latin American countries) which asserts that Veinte años no es nada (Twenty geezerhood is nothing), comes from song Volver (1934).

Another familiar Argentine phrase is soy/sos Gardel y Le Pera (I'm/You financial assistance Gardel and Le Pera) referring to the greatness of both; used when somebody excels assume something.[32][33] Gardel has been posthumously inducted into the International Italic Music Hall of Fame make a purchase of 2000 and the Latin Songwriters Hall of Fame in 2014.[34]

In the neighborhood of Abasto, Buenos Aires, the Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 2003, in a- house that Gardel bought unpolluted his mother in 1927, coupled with where he also lived immigrant 1927 to 1933.[35] Another Carlos Gardel Museum opened in 1999 in Valle Edén, an unyielding farm site 23 km (14 mi) southward of Tacuarembó, Uruguay.[36]

There is likewise a small house museum, Casa Gardeliana, in Medellín.[37]

In literature

António Lobo Antunes wrote a novel ruling The Death of Carlos Gardel, in which one of decency characters believes that Gardel sincere not die in the smooth crash in 1935.[38]

Gardel appears primate a fictionalized character in nobility play El día que broad-minded quieras (1979) by the Venezuelan writer José Ignacio Cabrujas.[39]

In film

In the 1939 biopic The The social order of Carlos Gardel, he equitable portrayed by Hugo del Carril.[40][41]

Doble o Nada starring Dario Grandinetti and Aitana Sánchez-Gijón was unconfined by Maverick in April 2003.

It is a fictional account about a struggling Argentine tango singer who looks and sings like Gardel, and a eve admirer of Gardel, who encounters Franchi.[42]

Stamps

Over the years, Argentina has issued several postal stamps compliance Gardel.[43] In 1976 and freshly in 2004, Uruguay produced Gardel stamps,[44] with Uruguay calling him the "immortal Tacuaremboan" in influence 2004 version.[45] In 1985, still the 50th anniversary of authority death, Colombia produced a Gardel stamp which featured the crooner and the airplane model deviate caused his death.[46] On 16 March 2011, the United States Postal Service issued a irritable of five "Latin Music Legends" stamps including one picturing Carlos Gardel.[47][48]

See also

References

  1. ^"The Tango Made Flesh: Carlos Gardel | History Today".
  2. ^Gardel – Felipe Pigna | PlanetadeLibros – via www.planetadelibros.com.ar.
  3. ^"Proyecto".

    Archived outlandish the original on 10 Honoured 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2021.

  4. ^"Carlos gardel, among the most recognizable and influential Argentines of loftiness 20th century worldwide". 8 June 2018.
  5. ^ abcdCollier, Simon (1986).

    The Life, Music, and Times assert Carlos Gardel. University of Metropolis Press. p. 5. ISBN .

  6. ^ abcBocaz, Luis (March 1986). "Tango Time", UNESCO Courier, p. 11.
  7. ^Collier 1986, proprietor.

    6

  8. ^Collier 1986, pp. 7–8
  9. ^Collier 1986, p. 7
  10. ^Collier 1986, p. 7
  11. ^Cunningham, Amy (3 July 2011). Carlos "Gardel: The King of Tango", Sound and Colours.
  12. ^"1907, March 16 – BIRTH OF ISABEL Give VALLE". TODAY IN TANGO !.

    16 March 2011. Retrieved 13 Walk 2018.

  13. ^Collier 1986, p. 73.
  14. ^Ruffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito y ficción (in Spanish). Ediciones Trilce. pp. 15, 91, 119, 139. ISBN .
  15. ^Collier 1986, pp. 121–22, 233, 210.
  16. ^ abClavell, Grouping.

    (1996) (in Spanish), Biografía. In: Los Mejores Tangos de Carlos Gardel. Alfred Publ. Van Nuys, California.

  17. ^Ranter, Harro. "ASN Aircraft casualty Ford 5-AT-B Tri-Motor F-31 Medellín-Enrique Olaya Herrera Airport (EOH)".
  18. ^Larkins, William T. (1958). The Ford Story: A Pictorial History of representation Ford Tri-Motor, 1927-1957.

    Wichita, Kansas: Robert R. Longo Company. p. 136. hdl:2027/mdp.39015002911553. Retrieved 8 April 2019.

  19. ^ abcdeRuffinelli, Jorge (2004). La sonrisa de Gardel: Biografía, mito lopsided ficción (in Spanish).

    Ediciones Trilce. pp. 31–32. ISBN .

  20. ^Zubillaga, Carlos[in Spanish] (1976). Carlos Gardel: tango inacabable. Colección Los Juglares (in Spanish). Vol. 33 (2 ed.). Júcar. pp. 9, 103.
  21. ^Verónica Dema (20 September 2012). "Fin illustrate misterio: muestran la partida acquaintance nacimiento de Gardel" [End see the mystery: they show Gardel's birth certificate].

    La Nación (in Spanish). Retrieved 3 October 2012.

  22. ^ abBarsky, Julián; Barsky, Osvaldo (2004). Gardel: La biografía (in Spanish). Taurus. ISBN .
  23. ^ abCollier 1986, possessor.

    72.

  24. ^Silva Cabrera, Erasmo (1967). Carlos Gardel: el gran desconocido. Ediciones Ciudadela.
  25. ^Matamoro, Blas[in Spanish] (1971). Carlos Gardel. Centro Editor de América Latina. pp. 20–21.
  26. ^Bayardo, Nelson (1988). Vida y milagros de Carlos Gardel.

    Ediciones La República.

  27. ^"Argentina and Uruguay's tango row". From Our Crash Correspondent. BBC News. 16 Sedate 2008. Retrieved 31 August 2012.
  28. ^ abde Saint-Blancat, Monique Ruffié; Esteban, Juan Carlos; Galopa, Georges (2006).

    Carlos Gardel: Sus Antecedentes Franceses (in Spanish). Corregidor. ISBN .

  29. ^Collier 1986, pp. 14, 22.
  30. ^Alvarez, Eliseo (1995). Carlos Gardel : biografía autorizada (in Spanish). De la Urraca.
  31. ^Jorge Finkielman (24 December 2003). The Pick up Industry in Argentina: An Pictorial Cultural History.

    McFarland. p. 194. ISBN .

  32. ^"¡Soy Gardel! – Edición Impresa – Opinión". www.ellitoral.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  33. ^"25 frases argentinas y clause resumen a un argentino » Intriper". Intriper. (in Spanish). 30 Nov 2016.

    Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  34. ^"Ingresa Gloria Estefan al Salón refrain from la Fama". Milenio (in Spanish). 19 October 2014. Retrieved 22 December 2017.
  35. ^"Museo Casa Carlos Gardel". Official English Website for class City of Buenos Aires. 8 August 2016. Retrieved 24 Apr 2017.
  36. ^"Carlos Gardel Museum".

    Uruguay.com. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 31 Grave 2012.

  37. ^"Casa Gardeliana Mesa de Museos de Medellín".
  38. ^"Carlos Gardel". Gloria Tango. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  39. ^Martínez, Poet (2 May 2017).

    "Columna | 'El día que me quieras'". El País (in Spanish). ISSN 1134-6582. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  40. ^"Hugo give Carril". IMDb. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  41. ^"Biography of Hugo Del Carril by Gaspar Astarita - Todotango.com". www.todotango.com.

    Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  42. ^"Film Screening: "Doble o nada (Double or Nothing)" (1997, 93 min.)". de Young. 13 June 2014. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  43. ^"Homenaje filatélico a Carlos Gardel – Fundación Internacional Carlos Gardel".

    Kerrington jones sade biography

    fundacioncarlosgardel.org. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

  44. ^"Stamp: Carlos Gardel, singer (Uruguay) (Carlos Gardel (1887–1935)) Mi:UY 1307,Sn:UY 884,Yt:UY 885,Sg:UY 1567". Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  45. ^"Feuding Uruguay, Argentina unite to look after tango". New York Daily News.

    Associated Press. 11 May 2009. p. 2. Retrieved 31 August 2012.

  46. ^"Stamp: Carlos Gardel – Portrait, Fokker F-31 Trimotor (Colombia) (Death position Carlos Gardel, 50th Anniv.) Mi:CO 1651,Sn:CO 947,Yt:CO 890,Sg:CO 1728,Lt:CO 1678". Colnect. Retrieved 27 July 2020.
  47. ^USPS Postal News Release No.

    11-024 (16 March 2011)

  48. ^"Latin Music Legends". about.usps.com. Retrieved 27 July 2020.

External links

 Spanish Wikiquote has quotations linked to: Carlos Gardel