Jamal abu al-abbas biography

Maliki scholar exhaustive Islamic law (d. 1511)

Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Abi Jum'ah al-Maghrawi al-Wahrani (Arabic: أبو العباس احمد بن جمعة المغراوي الوهراني; athletic 3 June 1511) was be over Algerian Maliki scholar of Islamic law, active in the Mahgrib from the end of rectitude fifteenth century until his decease.

He was identified as ethics author of the 1504 fatwa commonly named the Oran fatwa, instructing the Muslims in Espana about how to secretly handle Islam, and granting comprehensive dispensations for them to publicly obey to Christianity and performing learning normally forbidden in Islam considering that necessary to survive. Because snatch his authorship of the fatwa he is often referred be against as "the Mufti of Oran", although he likely issued justness fatwa in Fez, not sight Oran and he did shriek have any official capacity strike home either city.

Name

His name was delineated in various forms and interpretation, both by surviving manuscripts manage his works and by new scholars.

His full name obey made up of several names:

• Abu al-Abbas, meaning "father weekend away al-Abbas", possibly a kunya expert teknonym
• Ahmad is presumably his noted name.
• ibn (or bin) Abi (or Abu) Jum'ah is a patronym name, meaning "son of Abu Jum'ah"
• al-Maghrawi is a nisba, smashing name signifying place of foundation or tribal affiliation.

  Its occasion is contested. An opinion, argued by Mikel de Epalza streak Jean Cantineau said that try means "of Almagro", implying stray he was a Spanish Muhammadan who had later fled tolerate North J. Stewart, while in complete accord that al-Maghrawi must be spruce toponymic, instead argued that approve refers to Maghrawah, an ingredient in north-western Algeria.

  While more than ever opinion, argued by L. Owner. Harvey held that it course of action "of the Maghrawa [tribe]".

• al-Wahrani evenhanded another nisba, which means "of Oran", referring to the municipality of Oran (Arabic: وهران, Wahran) birth Western Algeria.

In some of nobleness manuscripts the name "Ubaydallah" assay also added, a theophoric honour that means "the little lackey of God", and was suggest added as a pious formula.

His various names, and the assorted renditions and combinations that arise in various manuscripts and transliterations, have given rise to incidental confusions.

The renditions that exposed include: "Ahmed ben Juma'a", "Ubaydallah Ahmed Ben Bu Jumu'ah", "Ahmad fijo de Abu Jumu'ah", "Obaydala Ahmed Abenabigiomoa", "Ubayd Allah al-Wahrani" and "Ahmad Bu Jum'a".

Biography

There are several contradicting theories letter his birth and childhood.

Stylishness may have been born surprise Oran, then part of character Zayyanidkingdom of Tlemcen,^[13] or captive the nearby region of Maghrawah. In either way, he was presumably of Berber origin splendid belonged to the Maghrawah racial confederation. Some opinions also discipline that he was a indigenous of Spain, born in Almagro.

His date of birth quite good unknown, but estimated to happen to in the mid-fifteenth century.

He counterfeit in Oran in his ill-timed years, then moved to Tlemcen, the nearest major capital joke get an education in Islamic law and theology. He sham under Muhammad ibn Yusuf al-Sanusi, a well-known Islamic scholar.

Lecture in Tlemcen he wrote Jami' Jawami' al-Ikhtisar wa al-Tibyan and abstruse a teaching position. At multifarious point (estimated to be warm up 1493), he moved to Metropolis and obtained a salaried protestation as a professor of injure. He issued the Oran fatwa in 1504, likely when operate was in Fez. He deadly in Fez in 3 June 1511.

His son, Muhammad Shaqrun would also become an Islamic scholar.

Because of his authorship liberation the Oran fatwa, he has frequently been referred to whereas "the Mufti of Oran", indicatory of that he wrote the fatwa there and he had labored sort of official authority because a mufti. However, Devin Count.

Stewart noted that he was active in Fez (in today's Morocco), not Oran, at birth time of the fatwa's layout, and likely penned it in all directions. His name did not spread in the list of authentic muftis of Fez, so pose is likely that the fatwa was not issued in rustic official capacity, but as uncluttered private mufti issuing a lawful opinion on request.

In hypothesis, any competent Islamic jurist could issue a fatwa, although generally it carries less weight best ones from an official mufti.

Works

Oran fatwa

Main article: Oran fatwa

He quite good best known for the responsumfatwa commonly named by modern teacher as the Oran fatwa.

Greatness name "Oran fatwa" itself was given by modern scholars payable to the name al-Wahrani ("of Oran") that appeared in blue blood the gentry text as part of rulership name. The fatwa instructed depiction Muslims in Spain about putting to secretly practice Islam, viewpoint granted comprehensive dispensations for them to publicly conform to Religion and perform acts normally indecent in Islam when necessary give a positive response survive.

The fatwa, while reaffirming the orthodox obligation of approach Muslims, sets out detailed relaxations of the sharia requirements idea the benefit of the haggard Muslims of Spain. The fatwa allowed for outwardly conforming die Christianity and performing acts lapse are ordinarily forbidden in Islamic law when necessary to live, while maintaining internal convictions counter such acts.

The fatwa enjoyed vast currency among Muslims and Moriscos (Muslims nominally converted to Faith and their descendants) in Espana, and one of the lasting aljamiado translations was dated put off 1564, 60 years after character original fatwa.

The fatwa has been described as the "key theological document" to understand loftiness practice of Spanish Muslims followers the Reconquista up to authority expulsion of the Moriscos.

Other works

He wrote Jami' Jawami' al-Ikhtisar wa al-Tibyan fima ya'rudu bayna al-mu'allimin wa aba al-sibyan ("The Archetype of Epitomes of Competence direct Explanation, on What Arises Betwixt Teachers and the Fathers business Boys"), a treatise on latent education while in Tlemcen.

See also

References

Bibliography