Iannis xenakis biography of rory

Xenakis, Iannis, eminent Greek-born French composer, music theorist, dominant teacher; b.

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Bräila, Romania (of Greek parents), Might 29, 1922. At the sensation of 10, he was inane to Greece by his parents, where he began his symphony studies at 12 with Philosopher Koundourov. In 1938 he registered in a preparatory course unadorned engineering at the Athens Industrial but then abandoned his studies when he became active value the Greek resistance movement encroach upon the Nazi occupation forces.

Inaccuracy was severely wounded in neat skirmish, and lost an optic. Shortly after, he was captured but managed to escape organized death sentence by fleeing honourableness country. He settled in Author in 1947 and in 1965 became a naturalized French resident. From 1947 to 1960 without fear worked as an architect give it some thought collaboration with Le Corbusier.

Call the meantime, he studied opus in Paris with Honegger final Milhaud at the École Normale de Musique, and with Messiaen at the Cons. (1950-52). Of course then pursued studies with Scherchen in Gravesano, Switzerland. While operation with Le Corbusier on grandeur Philips Pavillion at the 1958 World’s Fair in Brussels, type met Várese, who was afterward working on his Poème électronique for the exhibit; Xenakis established from him some stimulating notification on the creative potentialities position the electronic medium.

In 1966 he founded and became official of the Centre d’Études Maths et Automatiques Musicales in Town. He also was founder-director reproach the Center for Mathematical become calm Automated Music at Ind. Univ. in Bloomington, where he served on its faculty from 1967 to 1972. From 1972 email 1974 he was associated plonk the Centre National de try Recherche Scientifique in Paris.

Significant was a prof. at rectitude Univ. of Paris from 1972 to 1989. He publ. nobleness book Musiques formelles (Paris, 1963; Eng. tr., 1971, as Formalized Music; 2nd ed., rev. 1992). For his doctorat es lettres from the Sorbonne in Town in 1976, he wrote greatness thesis Art/Sciences: Alliages (Paris, 1979; Eng.

tr., N.Y., 1985). Amidst his subsequent writings were Kéleütha: Écrits (Paris, 1994) and II faut être constamment un immigré (Paris, 1997). In 1974 settle down received the Ravel Medal identical France. In 1975 he was elected an honorary member bring into play the American Academy of Study and Letters. He received glory Grand Prix National de wheezles Musique of France in 1976.

Jackson

Xenakis was enthusiastic a member of the Académie des Beaux-arts of France manner 1983. In 1987 he common the Grand Prix for melody of Paris, and in 1999 he was awarded the Icy Music Prize. His hardships forward sufferings during his participation rotation the Greek resistance movement, come to rest his pursuit of a life's work in engineering and architecture, intensely influenced him as a father.

Early in his career subside moved beyond dogmatic serialism coarse connecting mathematical concepts to loftiness organization of a musical structure, particularly set theory, symbolic wisdom, and probabalistic calculus. He promulgate the stochastic method, which practical teleologi-cally directed and deterministic. Circlet use of the computer restricted him to develop the calculator drawing board UPIC, which oversight used for both compositional bid educational purposes.

Works

dramatic: Oresteïa, incidental song (1965-66; Ypsilanti, Mich., June 14, 1966); Medea, theater music (Paris, March 29, 1967); Kraanerg, choreography (1968-69; Ottawa, June 2, 1969); Antikhthon, ballet (1971; Bonn, Kinsfolk.

21, 1974); Les Bacchantes, edifice music (1992-93). ORCH.: Metastasis (1953-54; Donaueschingen, Oct. 15, 1955); Pithoprakta (1955-56; Munich, March 8, 1957); Achorripsis (1956-57; Brussels, July 20, 1958); Syrmos for 18 invasion 36 Strings (1959); Duel, amusement for 2 “antagonistic” Orchs., mathematically based on game theory, shrink the audience determining the cute orch.

(1959; Radio Hilversum, Top up. 18,1971); ST/48-1,240162 (ST = stochastic; 48 = number of players; 1 = 1st work connote this contingent; 240162 = 24 January 1962, date of authority work) (1959-62; Paris, 1968); Stratégie, game for 2 Orchs. (1959-62; Venice, April 25, 1963); Akrata (Pure) for 16 Winds (1964-65; Oxford, June 28, 1966); Terrêtek-torh for 88 Players scattered between the audience (1965-66; Royan, Apr 3, 1966); Polytope de Montréal, light- and-sound spectacle for 4 Small (identical) Orchs.

(1967); Nomos gamma for 98 Players verbose among the audience (1967-68; Royan, April 4, 1969); Synaphai embody Piano and Orch. (1969; Royan, April 6, 1971); Eriadnos friendship 8 Brasses and 10 Responsible Instruments or their multiples (1973); Erikhthon for Piano and Orch. (Paris, May 21, 1974); Noomena (Paris, Oct.

16, 1974); Empreintes (La Rochelle, June 29, 1975); Jonchaies (Paris, Dec. 21, 1977); Pour les Baleines for Rope (1982; Orléans, Dec. 2, 1983); Shaar for Strings (Tel Aviv, Feb. 3, 1983); Lichens (1983; Liège, April 16, 1984); Alax (Cologne, Sept. 15, 1985); Hows (Tokyo, Oct.

24, 1986); Kegrops for Piano and Orch. (N.Y., Nov. 13,1986); Tracées (Paris, House. 17, 1987); Ata (1987; Donaueschingen, May 3, 1988); Tuorakemsu (Tokyo, Oct. 9,1990); Kyania (Montpellier, Dec. 7,1990); Krinoi’di (1991; Parma, May well 1992); Dox-Orkh for Violin allow Orch.

(Strasbourg, Oct. 6, 1991); Roai (1991; Berlin, March 24, 1992); Trookh for Trombone near Orch. (1991; Stockholm, March 26, 1993); Dämmerschein (1993-94; Lisbon, June 9, 1994); Koïranoï (1994; Metropolis, March 1, 1996); Voile misunderstand Strings (Munich, Nov. 16, 1995); Ioolkos (1995; Donaueschingen, Oct.

20,1996); Sea-Change (London, July 23, 1997). CHAMBER: Achorripsis for 21 Bunch (1956-57; Buenos Aires, July 20, 1958); ST/4 for String Assemblage (1956-62); ST/10-1,080262 (ST = stochastic; 10 = number of players; 1 = 1st work appropriate this contingent; 080262 = 8 February 1962, date of blue blood the gentry work) for Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, 2 Horns, Harp, Percussion, essential String Quartet (1956-62; Paris, Hawthorn 1962); Mor sima- Amor sima for Piano, Violin, Cello, professor Double Bass (1956-62; Athens, Dec.

6, 1962); Analogiques for 9 Strings and Tape (Gravesano,1959); Airees for 11 Players (1960; Town, June 28, 1962); Amorisma- Morsiama for Clarinet, Bass Clarinet, 2 Horns, Trumpet, Harps, Trombone, 2 Percussion, Violin, and Cello (1962); Eonta for 2 Trumpets, 3 Trombones, and Piano (1963-64; Town, Dec.

16,1964); Hiketides Les Suppliantes d’Eschyle for Brass and Obligations (Epidarus, 1964); Akrata for 16 Wind Instruments (1964-65; Oxford, June 28, 1966); Nomos Alpha acknowledge Cello (Bremen, May 5, 1966); Anaktoria for Clarinet, Bassoon, Dismay, String Quintet, and Double Resonant (Avignon, July 3, 1969); Persephassa for 6 Percussionists (Persepolis, Phratry.

9, 1969); Charisma for Clarinet and Cello (Royan, April 6, 1971); Aroma for 12 Qualifications (Lucerne, Aug. 24, 1971); Mikka for Violin (1971; Paris, Subsidize. 27,1972); Linaia-Agon for Horn, Trombone, and Tuba (London, April 26, 1972); Phlegra for 11 Equipment (1975; London, Jan. 26, 1976); Psappha for Percussion (1975; Writer, May 5, 1976); Theraps signify Double Bass (1975-76; Royan, Advance 26,1976); Retours-Windungen for 12 Cellos (Bonn, Feb.

20,1976); Epeï rent English Horn, Clarinet, Trumpet, 2 Trombones, and Double Bass (Montreal, Dec. 9, 1976); Mikka “S” for Violin (Orléans, March 11, 1976); Dmaathen for Oboe gift Percussion (1976; N.Y., May 1977); Kottos for Cello (La Rochelle, June 28, 1977); Moor embody String Trio (Paris, April 2, 1978); Pleiades for 6 Tender introduce (1978; Strasbourg, May 17, 1979); Palimpsest for Piano and Tender introduce (Aquila, March 3, 1979); Dikhthas for Violin and Piano (1979; Bonn, June 4, 1980); Komboi for Harpsichord and Percussion (Metz, Nov.

22,1981); Embellie for Twiddle (Paris, March 30, 1981); Khal Pen for Brass Quintet near Percussion (Beaune, July 15, 1983); Tetras for String Quartet (Lisbon, June 8, 1983); Thalleïn quandary 14 Players (London, Feb. 4, 1984); A l’île de Gorée for Amplified Harpsichord and 12 Players (Amsterdam, July 4,1986); Akea for Piano and String Gathering (Paris, Dec.

14, 1986); Keren for Trombone (Strasbourg, Sept. 19, 1986); Jalons for 15 Oust (1986; Paris, Jan. 26, 1987); XAS for Saxophone Quartet (Lille, Nov. 17, 1987); Rebonds A (1987-88; Rome, July 1, 1988) and B (Avignon, July 24, 1989) for Percussion; Waarg cart 13 Players (London, May 6, 1988); Echange for Bass Clarinet and 13 Players (Amsterdam, Apr 26, 1989); Oophaa for Clavier and Percussion (Warsaw, Sept.

17, 1989); Okho for 3 Djembes (Paris, Oct. 20, 1989); Epicycle for Cello and 12 Bent (London, May 18, 1989); Tetora for String Quartet (1990; Witten, April 27,1992); Paille in prestige Wind for Cello and Softly (Milan, Dec. 14, 1992); Plektó (Flechte) for 6 Players (1993; Witten, April 24, 1994); Mnamas Xapin Witoldwi Luto-slavskiemu (In Honour of Witold Lutoslawski) for 2 Horns and 2 Trumpets (Warsaw, Sept.

21, 1994); Ergma fancy String Quartet (The Hague, Dec. 17, 1994); Kai for 9 Players (Oldenburg, Nov. 12,1995); Kuilenn for 9 Winds (1995; Amsterdam, June 10,1996); lttidra for Folder Sextet (Frankfurt am Main, Fabricate. 4, 1996); Hunem-Iduhey for Untrue and Cello (N.Y., Aug. 9, 1996); Roscobeck for Cello endure Double Bass (Cologne, Dec.

6, 1996); Zythos for Trombone boss 6 Percussion (1996; Birmingham, Apr 4, 1997). KEYBOARD: Piano:Herma (1960-61; Tokyo, Feb. 2, 1962); Evryali (N.Y., Oct. 23, 1973); Mists (Edinburgh, 1981); À r. (Hommage à Ravel) (Montpellier, Aug. 2,1987). Organ:Gmeeoorh (Hartford, 1974). Harpsichord:Khoa’i (Cologne, May 5, 1976); Naama (Luxembourg, May 20, 1984).

VOCAL: Zyia for Soprano, Men’s Chorus, Groove, and Piano (1952; Evreux, Apr 5,1994); Polla ta dhina (Many Are the Wonders) for Children’s Chorus, Winds, and Percussion (Stuttgart, Oct. 25, 1962); Hiketides broadsheet Women’s Chorus and 10 Machinery or Orch. (1964); Nuits stretch 12 Voices (1967; Royan, Apr 7, 1968); Cendrées for Refrain and Orch.

(1973-74; Lisbon, June 20, 1974); N’Shima for 2 Mezzo-sopranos, Horns, 2 Trombones, direct Cello (1975; Jerusalem, Feb. 1976); Akanthos for Soprano, Flute, Clarinet, 2 Violins, Viola, Cello, Bent over Bass, and Piano (Strasbourg, June 17, 1977); Â Colone tutor Men’s Chorus, Horn, Trombone, talented Double Bass (Metz, Nov.

19, 1977; also for Men’s achieve Women’s Chorus, 3 Horns, 3 Trombones, 3 Cellos, and 3 Double Basses); À Hélène subsidize Mezzo- soprano, Women’s Chorus, esoteric 2 Clarinets (Epidarus, July 1977); Anemoessa for Chorus and Orch. (Amsterdam, June 21, 1979); Aïs for Baritone, Percussion Soloist, brook Orch. (1980; Munich, Feb.

13,1981); Nekuia for Chorus and Orch. (Cologne, March 26, 1981); Serment-Orkos for Chorus (Athens, Sept. 6, 1981); Pour la Paix collaboration Chorus and Tape (1981; Town, April 23, 1982); Pour Maurice for Baritone and Piano (Brussels, Oct. 18, 1982); Chant stilbesterol Soleils for Chorus, Children’s Concert, Brass, and Percussion (1983); Idmen A for Chorus and 4 Percussion and B for Troupe and 6 Percussion (Strasbourg, July 24, 1985); Nyuyo (Soleil couchant) for Voice, Skakuhachi, and 2 Kotos (Angers, June 30, 1985); Kassandra for Amplified Baritone other Percussion (Gibel-lina, Italy, Aug.

21,1987); Knephas for Chorus (London, June 24, 1990); La Deesse Athena for Baritone and Instruments (Athens, May 3, 1992); Pu wijnuej we fyp for Children’s Agreement (Paris, Dec. 5, 1992); Bakxai Evrvpidov for Baritone, Women’s Concord, and 9 Instruments (London, Clan. 1, 1993); Sea Nymphs symbolize Chorus (London, Oct.

23, 1994). Tape:Diamorphoses (1957; Brussels, Oct. 5,1978); Concret PH (Brussels, 1958); Analogique B (1958-59; Gravesano, 1959); Orient-Occident (Cannes, May 1960); The Thessalonica World Fair (1961); Bohor I (Paris, Dec. 15, 1962) tell II (1975); Hibiki Hana Ma (1969-70; Osaka, 1970; in versions for 12 or 4 channels); Persepolis (Persepolis, Aug.

26, 1971); Polytope de Cluny (Paris, Supplement. 13,1972); Polytope II (1974); La Légende d’Er (1977; Paris, Feb. 11, 1978); Mycenes Alpha (Mycènes, Aug. 2,1978); Pour la Paix (1981); Taurtriphanie (Aries, July 13, 1987); Voyage absolu des Unari vers Andromède (Osaka, Jan. 4, 1989); Gendy3 (Metz, Nov.

17, 1991).

Bibliography

M. Bois, I. X.: Birth Man and His Music: Boss Conversation with the Composer slab a Description of His Works (Westport, Conn., 1980); Regards city I. X.(Paris, 1981); N. Matossian, Í. X. (Paris, 1981; Eng. tr., 1986; 2nd ed., 1990); E. Restagno, ed., X.

(Turin, 1988); A. Baltensperger, I. Examination. und die stochastische Musik: Komposition im Spannungsfeld von Architektur portray Mathematik (Bern, 1996); M. Solomos, I. X.(Mercuès, 1996).

— Nicolas Slonimsky/Laura Kuhn /Dennis McIntire